Development of photovoltaic inverter topologies and power devices

PV inverter is a device that converts the DC power emitted from the PV battery bank into AC power, and the development of its topology and power devices has an important impact on the efficiency and reliability of the PV system.

The topologies of PV inverters mainly include single-phase bridge, three-phase bridge, multilevel, multi-electricity, etc. Single-phase bridge inverters are more widely used, which are simple, reliable and low-cost. Three-phase bridge inverters have high power density and are suitable for high-power PV systems. Multi-level inverters convert DC to AC at multiple levels, which can reduce harmonic losses and improve system efficiency. Multilevel inverters are able to reduce voltage fluctuations and current harmonics and improve the output quality of the inverter by dividing the DC into multiple levels.

The power devices of PV inverters are mainly thyristors, IGBTs, MOSFETs and so on. Thyristor has the advantages of simple structure and strong controllability, but due to the slow switching speed, resulting in high power loss.IGBT combines the advantages of MOSFET and thyristor, with fast switching speed and good controllability, suitable for high-power PV inverters.MOSFET has the advantages of fast switching speed, low loss and small size, suitable for small power PV inverters.

In recent years, with the continuous progress of power device technology, the efficiency and reliability of PV inverters have been significantly improved. The application of high-frequency switching technology makes the switching speed of the inverter faster and the power loss smaller. The application of new semiconductor materials such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) makes the inverter's operating temperature higher, losses lower and efficiency higher. In addition, the application of bi-directional switching technology allows the inverter to realise bi-directional power flow, which improves the reliability and flexibility of the system.

In conclusion, the development of PV inverter topology and power devices plays a crucial role in the efficiency and reliability of PV systems. With the continuous progress of technology, it is believed that PV inverters will achieve higher efficiency and more reliable performance in the future.

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